Physics Calculators

Different motion problems call for different acceleration formulas. MiniWebtool’s Acceleration Calculator covers velocity change, distance-based motion, force and mass, centripetal acceleration, and free fall, with worked calculations and unit conversions for the selected mode.

MiniWebtool’s Angular Velocity Calculator converts between RPM, rad/s, deg/s, Hz, rev/s and rotation period, or calculates angular velocity from linear speed and radius. It also gives tangential speed and centripetal acceleration at any radius, with a spinning-disk animation.

Calculate the belt length connecting two pulleys from their diameters and centre distance with MiniWebtool’s Belt Length Calculator. It supports open and crossed drives and gives exact and textbook lengths, wrap angle on each pulley, speed ratio and driven RPM.

Apply ideal-flow energy conservation with MiniWebtool’s Bernoulli Equation Calculator. Solve for a pressure, velocity, or elevation at two points along a streamline under steady, incompressible, frictionless assumptions, with a diagram and worked steps.

Calculate water’s boiling point at different altitudes, elevations, or atmospheric pressures with MiniWebtool’s Boiling Point Calculator using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, with step-by-step solutions and an interactive altitude chart.

Enter fluid density, object volume, and mass in MiniWebtool’s Buoyancy Calculator to determine whether an object floats or sinks, its buoyant force, apparent weight, and submerged percentage.

Solve F = mv2/r for centripetal force, mass, radius or speed with MiniWebtool’s Centripetal Force Calculator. Switch between linear speed (m/s, km/h, mph) and angular inputs (rad/s, RPM, period), and read the g-force, period, angular velocity and the tire grip a turn needs.

MiniWebtool’s Coulomb's Law Calculator relates two point charges, separation, and electrostatic force in a selected medium. Solve for the unknown quantity and see whether the charges attract or repel along the line joining them.

MiniWebtool’s de Broglie Wavelength Calculator takes mass and velocity, or kinetic energy, and returns the de Broglie wavelength from relativistic momentum along with a wave-versus-classical comparison.

MiniWebtool’s Density Calculator connects mass, volume, and density. Supply two quantities with their units to solve for the third, inspect unit conversions, and compare the result with reference materials and buoyancy context.

Explore a moving source or observer in MiniWebtool’s Doppler Effect Calculator. Source frequency, motion directions, speeds, and wave medium determine the modeled frequency shift, illustrated by compressed and stretched wavefronts.

MiniWebtool’s E=mc² Calculator converts mass to equivalent energy or energy to mass. Unit and efficiency choices shape the calculation, while scale comparisons help interpret the result without implying a practical method of releasing that energy.

Place up to six point charges and a test point in MiniWebtool’s Electric Field Calculator to get field components, magnitude and direction, plus force on a probe charge and potential.

Supply any two of voltage, current, resistance, and power in MiniWebtool’s Electricity Calculator. Ohm’s and Watt’s laws determine the other two quantities, with formulas showing how the supplied values connect.

Calculate an engine’s static compression ratio in MiniWebtool’s Engine Compression Ratio Calculator. Bore, stroke, and chamber volume form the baseline, with optional gasket, deck, and piston details refining clearance volume and total displacement.

MiniWebtool’s Engine Displacement Calculator sums swept cylinder volume from bore, stroke, and cylinder count. Results appear in cc, liters, and cubic inches, with a bore-to-stroke comparison identifying square, oversquare, or undersquare geometry.

MiniWebtool’s Escape Velocity Calculator applies √(2GM/r) to a selected celestial body or custom mass and radius. It gives the ideal escape speed and scale comparisons, without modeling an atmosphere or a powered launch trajectory.

Apply F = ma in MiniWebtool’s Force Calculator. Supply two of force, mass, and acceleration to calculate the third, with unit conversions and worked substitutions that connect the quantities.

MiniWebtool’s Free Fall Calculator solves for time, distance, or velocity from two known values. Planetary presets or a custom gravitational acceleration let you compare idealized falls under gravity alone, without air resistance.

MiniWebtool’s Friction Calculator uses a friction coefficient and either mass or normal force to find static and kinetic friction. An optional applied push determines whether the modeled object stays at rest or slides, and its acceleration after sliding begins.

See how meshing gears trade speed for torque. MiniWebtool’s Gear Ratio Calculator (Mechanical) derives the ratio from driving and driven tooth counts, calculates output speed and torque from supplied inputs, and illustrates the pair turning at the calculated ratio.

Apply Newton’s inverse-square law with MiniWebtool’s Gravitational Force Calculator. Calculate attraction from two masses and their separation, or solve for a missing mass or distance, using units ranging from grams to solar masses.

Explore how headlight height and downward aim affect modeled road illumination. MiniWebtool’s Headlight Beam Distance Calculator estimates beam reach and lit zones, then compares them with a stopping-distance calculation at your chosen driving speed.

Choose conduction, convection, or radiation in MiniWebtool’s Heat Transfer Calculator to calculate heat-transfer rate and heat flux. Supply the relevant dimensions, temperatures, and thermal properties to examine the selected mechanism’s contribution.

Relate engine torque, rotational speed, and power with MiniWebtool’s Horsepower Calculator. Supply two quantities to solve for the third, using Imperial or metric units and formula steps to follow the conversion.

A piston’s rod reduces the area available during retraction. MiniWebtool’s Hydraulic Cylinder Force Calculator uses pressure, bore, and rod diameters to calculate theoretical push and pull forces, with a cross-section explaining the difference.

Solve PV = nRT for a missing quantity with MiniWebtool’s Ideal Gas Law Calculator. Enter three known values to calculate pressure, volume, amount of gas, or absolute temperature, with unit conversions and steps for the ideal-gas model.

Explore an inclined plane with MiniWebtool’s Inclined Plane Calculator: enter mass, angle and friction coefficients to see weight components, normal force, static and kinetic friction, acceleration, and whether it slides.

MiniWebtool’s Kepler's Third Law Calculator estimates an orbital period from the semi-major axis and central mass. Select astronomical or everyday units to compare orbits and view the associated mean orbital-velocity estimate.

MiniWebtool’s Kinematics Calculator solves one-dimensional constant-acceleration problems from three known motion variables. It selects the relevant kinematic equations and shows the steps used to find the two remaining quantities.

Relate motion energy to mass and speed using MiniWebtool’s Kinetic Energy Calculator. Enter any two of energy, mass, and velocity to solve for the third, with unit choices, calculation steps, and scale comparisons.

MiniWebtool’s Lens Equation Calculator applies the thin-lens model to focal length and object or image distance. Results include magnification and image orientation, with ray diagrams illustrating real or virtual images for converging and diverging lenses.

Enter current and distance in MiniWebtool’s Magnetic Field of Wire Calculator to get the magnetic field for a straight wire, a circular loop on axis or a solenoid, with an optional core on the solenoid.

MiniWebtool’s Mechanical Advantage Calculator compares the force and distance trade-offs of levers, pulleys, slopes, and gears. It shows ideal and efficiency-adjusted advantage, the estimated effort force, and an animated diagram of the selected machine.

MiniWebtool’s Moment of Inertia Calculator distinguishes area inertia from mass inertia for selected shapes. Enter dimensions to calculate the relevant moments, with parallel-axis offsets and section-modulus results where applicable.

Explore p = mv and momentum conservation in MiniWebtool’s Momentum Calculator. It calculates linear momentum and impulse and analyzes elastic or inelastic collision scenarios, using worked steps and animation to illustrate the modeled motion.

Enter length and gravity in MiniWebtool’s Pendulum Period Calculator, or solve for period, length, frequency or gravity, and compare the small-angle and elliptic results.

Calculate photon energy from a wavelength or frequency with MiniWebtool’s Photon Energy Calculator. Get the energy in joules and electronvolts, the matching frequency and wavelength, and the energy per mole, plus where the photon sits on the electromagnetic spectrum.

MiniWebtool’s Potential Energy Calculator compares energy stored by height with energy stored in a spring. Choose gravitational mgh or elastic ½kx², set the relevant quantities and units, and follow the formula steps.

Spread a force over an area to calculate pressure in MiniWebtool’s Pressure Calculator. The P = F/A relationship is shown step by step, with conversions among units such as pascals, bar, atmospheres, and psi.

Model a launched object’s path with MiniWebtool’s Projectile Motion Calculator. Initial speed, angle, height, and gravity determine range, maximum height, and flight time, with an animated trajectory under the idealized motion assumptions.

MiniWebtool’s Pulley System Calculator relates supporting rope segments to mechanical advantage. The model shows effort force and rope-pull distance, comparing ideal behavior with friction-adjusted results through an animated block-and-tackle diagram.

MiniWebtool’s Reynolds Number Calculator combines speed, characteristic length, and viscosity information to calculate Re. Select pipe, flat-plate, or open-channel flow so the flow-regime interpretation matches the chosen setting.

MiniWebtool’s Snell's Law Calculator solves refraction relationships from refractive indices and angles. Pick materials or supply indices to find a missing value, critical angle, or Brewster’s angle.

Solve a heat-transfer quantity with MiniWebtool’s Specific Heat Capacity Calculator. Supply known values in Q = mcΔT or select a substance to find heat, mass, specific heat, or temperature change.

MiniWebtool’s Speed of Sound Calculator estimates sound speed in air from temperature and optional humidity. Alternatively, select a medium for a reference value, with unit conversions and a thunder-delay distance estimate.

Use Hooke’s law with MiniWebtool’s Spring Constant Calculator to relate force, displacement, and stiffness. A hanging-mass input and series or parallel configurations extend the calculation to energy, period, and natural frequency.

MiniWebtool’s Stopping Distance Calculator separates reaction travel from braking distance. Speed, reaction time, and road condition produce an estimate showing why wet, snowy, or icy surfaces can increase the total.

Model a falling object with MiniWebtool’s Terminal Velocity Calculator. Mass, drag coefficient, cross-sectional area, and surrounding medium determine terminal speed and the estimated time and distance needed to approach it.

MiniWebtool’s Thermal Expansion Calculator estimates a material’s size change between two temperatures. Choose linear, area, or volume expansion and use a preset or custom coefficient to obtain expansion, final size, and strain.

Explore special-relativistic effects with MiniWebtool’s Time Dilation Calculator. Enter a speed and duration to calculate the Lorentz factor, differing elapsed times, and length contraction under the model.

MiniWebtool’s Torque Calculator relates force, lever arm, and angle through τ = Fr sin(θ). Solve a missing quantity with unit conversions and a diagram showing the rotational geometry.

Calculate average or relative velocity from distance and time values in MiniWebtool’s Velocity Calculator, and convert instantly between m/s, km/h, mph, ft/s, and knots.

MiniWebtool’s Wave Speed Calculator uses v = fλ to find a missing speed, frequency, or wavelength. Enter two known quantities to see period, angular frequency, wavenumber, and an animated wave.

Apply mechanics formulas with MiniWebtool’s Work and Power Calculator. Force, displacement, and angle determine work, while work and elapsed time determine average power, with unit conversions and calculation steps.