Chemical Calculators

Solve the Beer-Lambert law A = elc for absorbance, molar absorptivity, path length or concentration. Converts absorbance to percent transmittance, draws an animated cuvette, plots the calibration line and flags unreliable readings.

Calculate boiling point elevation from molality and the ebullioscopic constant. Includes a solvent library with real Kb data, a van't Hoff factor for ionic solutes, an animated thermometer and a salted-pasta-water reality check.

Balance chemical reaction equations automatically by finding the correct stoichiometric coefficients for reactants and products. Enter any unbalanced equation and get the result with explanations and atom conservation checks.

Calculate corrected calcium level adjusted for albumin with multiple formulas (Payne, modified), clinical interpretation, visual calcium distribution diagram, and step-by-step calculation breakdown.

Calculate corrected sodium for hyperglycemia using Katz and Hillier formulas. Includes clinical interpretation, step-by-step calculations, and severity assessment for DKA and HHS management.

Calculate solution dilutions using the M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ equation. Find the stock volume, final volume, or resulting concentration when preparing diluted solutions in the lab.

Find the electron configuration of any element or ion, in full and noble-gas form, with an orbital box diagram and Aufbau chart. Gives unpaired electrons, paramagnetic or diamagnetic, valence electrons and d- and f-block exceptions.

Determine the empirical formula of a chemical compound from element mass percentages or experimental mass data. Optionally compute the molecular formula using molar mass.

Calculate freezing point depression from molality and the cryoscopic constant. Includes a solvent library with real Kf data for water, benzene, cyclohexane and camphor, a van't Hoff factor for ionic solutes and an animated thermometer.

Calculate buffer pH from pKa and the conjugate base to weak acid ratio. Works three ways: find the pH, find the ratio and recipe needed to hit a target pH, or back-calculate pKa from a measured pH, with a buffer-capacity gauge.

Explore a searchable periodic table of all 118 elements. Recolour it by electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, density, melting point or discovery year to see trends as a heatmap, and open any element for its full data.

Enter a balanced equation and the amount of each reactant in grams or moles to find the limiting reactant, the excess left over and the theoretical yield of every product. Molar masses are parsed for you, with an optional percent yield.

Calculate molality from moles of solute and mass of solvent, or from grams and molar mass. See the result on an animated beaker, then watch how molality drives freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation on a temperature bar.

Calculate the molar mass of any chemical compound with detailed element breakdown, percentage composition, step-by-step calculations, and interactive periodic table.

Calculate molarity (M), mass of solute, or volume of solution with step-by-step formulas. Features common compound database, unit conversion, and dilution calculator.

Convert between moles, grams, and number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions) using molar mass and Avogadro's number. Get step-by-step conversion solutions with detailed formulas.

Calculate the cell potential of a galvanic cell under non-standard conditions with the Nernst equation. Enter the standard potential, electrons transferred, temperature and reaction quotient to get the voltage, Gibbs free energy and K.

Calculate the normality of a solution from equivalents and volume, or straight from grams using molar mass and n-factor. Converts between normality and molarity through the equivalence factor, with n-factor presets for common acids.

Calculate osmotic pressure with the colligative formula. Enter molarity or derive it from mass, molar mass and volume, pick a van't Hoff factor, and see the pressure in atm, kPa, mmHg, bar and psi plus a tonicity verdict against plasma.

Calculate the percent composition of any compound - the mass percent of every element. Enter a formula like H2O, C6H12O6 or CuSO4.5H2O for the molar mass, a per-element table and a comparison by mass versus by atom count.

Calculate the percent yield of a chemical reaction by comparing the actual yield to the theoretical yield. Solve for any unknown variable with detailed step-by-step solutions and efficiency analysis.

Calculate pH values from hydrogen ion concentration [H+], pOH, or scientific notation with interactive pH scale visualization and detailed step-by-step calculations.

Convert between Ka, pKa, Kb and pKb. Enter any one of the four acid-base equilibrium constants and get the other three, plus where the acid sits on a strength spectrum, how strong its conjugate base is and percent ionization at 0.1 M.

Convert between moles, mass, and volume in chemical reactions using balanced equations, molar ratios, and molar masses. Get step-by-step stoichiometric solutions.

Enter a balanced equation, choose your product and enter how much of each reactant you have to find the theoretical yield in grams and moles. A yield race shows what each reactant could make alone, revealing the limiting reactant.

Calculate the molarity of an unknown acid or base solution using titration data. Features equivalence point pH, indicator recommendations, and step-by-step solutions with titration curve visualization.